1. Digital Access & Participation
2. Digital Health & Well-Being
3. Infrastructure & Capacity
4. Online Safety & Protection
5. Privacy & Data Protection
6. Violence & Exploitation Online

The CRC’s strongest concerns for Romania focus on Violence & Exploitation Online and Infrastructure & Capacity, which together receive the highest urgency scores. These themes highlight persistent risks such as online sexual exploitation and gaps in enforcement and digital systems.
Medium-level concerns appear in Online Safety & Protection and Digital Access & Participation, showing that Romania still faces challenges in creating safe online environments and ensuring equal digital opportunities for all children.
Privacy & Data Protection and Digital Health & Well-Being receive low urgency scores, indicating minimal attention to these issues in the CRC’s review of Romania.

1. Discriminatory violence
2. Online harassment and bullying
3. Online sexual exploitation / CSAM
4. Trafficking & exploitation

The data shows that online harassment and bullying is the most frequently raised concern, receiving the highest urgency score. Online sexual exploitation and CSAM, along with trafficking and exploitation, also feature prominently, indicating significant risks to children’s safety in digital spaces. Discriminatory violence is noted as well, but with slightly lower urgency, suggesting it remains an issue yet receives comparatively less emphasis.

1. Cybercrime and cybersecurity laws
2. Digitalized systems
3. Training of professionals on online offences

The data shows that Romania’s main concerns in this theme focus on cybercrime and cybersecurity laws, which receive the highest urgency score. Digitalized systems and the training of professionals are also mentioned, but with significantly lower urgency. This suggests that while legal and cybersecurity frameworks need the most immediate attention, capacity building and system modernisation remain ongoing priorities.

1. “The Committee notes the option for companies, under government ordinance No. 20/2022, to sponsor or redirect their fiscal credit to civil society organizations. Recalling its general comment No. 16 (2013) and the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the Committee recommends that the State Party establish a regulatory child protection framework for companies operating under its jurisdiction, including policies, legislation, regulations and mechanisms for conducting child rights impact assessments, monitoring, evaluation and access to justice, in order to report and address children’s rights violations, with particular attention paid to online gambling.”
2. “Encourage companies to comply with the Committee’s general comment No. 25 (2021), including by protecting children’s personal data, creating accessible complaint processes and developing policies and mechanisms to protect children from violence, excessive screen use and online bullying;…”
3. “Ensure access to appropriate information and protection from harmful content, including disinformation and false news, harmful products and online risks, including with respect to artificial intelligence;…”
4. “Strengthen access to the Internet and technologies countrywide, as well as digital skills and access to media literacy education for children, their parents/caregivers and teachers, with particular attention given to children in vulnerable situations, and ensure safe and meaningful participation of children in the online environment.”
5. “the committee is concerned… Insufficient data to assess the prevalence of violence against children, particularly for children with disabilities, while reports demonstrate a higher incidence of cases of violence for girls, particularly sexual abuse, and in rural areas, and increasing trends of violence in schools, in the judicial system and online;…”
6. “Strengthen the capacity of the social workers, teachers, health professionals, law-enforcement officers and judicial officials to identify, refer and respond to cases of child abuse and violence, including those occurring online, in a timely manner;…”
7. “Pursue awareness-raising measures, educational programmes and professional training to prevent and combat all forms of violence against children, including those occurring online;…”
8. “Strengthen the identification and referral of child victims of trafficking, particularly among girls, Roma children, children of migrant parents working abroad, children in institutions, children with disabilities and asylum-seeking, refugee and migrant children, addressing both offline and online recruitment;…”
9. “Strengthen efforts to prevent child trafficking, in particular by intensifying monitoring in institutions, strictly implementing child labour legislation, especially in rural areas, and increasing online safety and awareness-raising campaigns.”
10. “Build the capacity of the media to support child participation and promote children’s rights, including by encouraging the media to create spaces and opportunities for children to be heard.”
11. “Improve the collection and analysis of disaggregated data, including by unifying terminology and reporting methods, strengthening data-sharing and combining databases managed by different sectors, to ensure that all areas of the Convention are covered and to fully reflect the situation of children in vulnerable situations, including Roma children, children living in poverty, children with disabilities, refugee and asylum-seeking children, including Ukrainian children, adolescent pregnancy and mental health;…”
12. “the committee is concerned … The lack of a comprehensive system for diagnosing disability, which hinders data collection on disability.”