1. Digital Access & Participation
2. Digital Health & Welbeing
3. Infrastructure & Capacity
4. Online Safety & Protection
5. Privacy & Data Protection
6. Violence & Exploitation Online

The data shows that Digital Access and Participation is Eritrea’s most significant challenge, receiving the highest urgency score, followed by major concerns in Violence and Exploitation Online and Infrastructure and Capacity. Moderate urgency appears in Online Safety and Protection, while Digital Health and Wellbeing and Privacy and Data Protection receive comparatively low attention. Overall, the themes reveal substantial gaps in digital inclusion, safety, and system development for children in Eritrea.

1. Access for children with disabilities
2. Civic Participation via Digital Means
3. Digital Divide
4. E-Learning
5. IT Infrastructure

Civic participation via digital means stands out as the most urgent issue, receiving a significantly higher score than all other sub-themes. The digital divide and IT infrastructure receive only minimal attention, while access for children with disabilities and e-learning are not mentioned at all. This suggests that Eritrea’s digital child rights challenges are concentrated heavily in participation and inclusion, with limited focus on broader access and infrastructure barriers.

1. Cybercrime & Cybersecurity laws
2. Digitalized systems
3. Training of Professionals

The data shows that digitalized systems receive the most attention, indicating a strong focus on strengthening technological infrastructure. Cybercrime and cybersecurity laws also appear as a notable concern, though to a lesser extent. Training of professionals is not mentioned at all, suggesting a gap in capacity-building within the digital child rights landscape.

1. “The Committee remains concerned about the lack of independence of the media and the restrictions placed on the freedom of expression, including reports of online censorship and arrests of journalists and critics.”
2. “Protect children from harmful and untrustworthy content and online risks to enable them to have safe access to digital content, in a manner that recognizes children’s right to information and freedom of expression and that protects children from such harmful material in accordance with their rights and evolving capacities.”
3. “The Committee recommends that the State party expedite the digitalization of the civil registry system through the planned establishment of a computerized database, strengthen information communications technology infrastructure and enhance coordination between entities involved in birth and civil registration in order to ensure the birth registration of and the issuance of birth certificates for all children born on its territory immediately after birth and free of charge. It also recommends that the State party adopt specific measures for registering the birth of children in disadvantaged situations, including those born in rural and remote areas.”
4. “The Committee urges the State party to take legislative measures to guarantee an environment conducive to independent media, without undue restrictions, and for children to be able to freely and safely express their opinions in various settings, free from censorship, surveillance, intimidation, harassment and bullying, including in the digital environment.”
5. “The Committee acknowledges the efforts by the State party to reduce the digital divide among children, despite infrastructural challenges, and it notes that less than 10 per cent of the population have access to the Internet, with particular limitations in access for children, and that slow speeds and limited connectivity hinder access to information. Recalling its general comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment, the Committee recommends that the State party.”
6. “Continue to broaden avenues for children to seek access to age‑appropriate information through diverse sources, using any media of their choice;…”
7. “…and urges the State party: To ensure that all cases of violence against children, including domestic violence and the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in and outside of the home and in the digital environment, are promptly reported and effectively investigated, that perpetrators are held accountable in a manner commensurate with the gravity of the offence and that reparations are provided to victims as appropriate, taking into account the best interests of children;…”
8. “Conduct a comprehensive review of the digital environment to identify child sexual abuse material and other forms of sexual exploitation, such as recruitment for the sexual exploitation of children in prostitution, and introduce specific measures to combat such activities.”
9. “To systematically collect, analyse and publish disaggregated data on children in the administration of justice at all stages of the legal process and for all types of cases.”
10. “Systematically collect, analyse and disseminate disaggregated data on children who are victims of trafficking, along with information about investigations and prosecutions conducted in cases of trafficking in children, sentences imposed on perpetrators and reparations provided to victims;”
11. “To systematically collect, analyse and disseminate disaggregated data on child labour, including on the types of work performed, the nature of the complaints, the outcomes of cases and the interventions provided to the children, and raise public awareness of child labour, its exploitative character and its consequences.”
12. “To publish the results of the needs assessment analysis of primary education, conducted with a focus on children in disadvantaged situations, and continue to systematically collect, analyse and disseminate disaggregated data on students and out-of-school children to inform educational planning and policies, including data on educational attainment, completion and retention rates, dropout rates and suspension and expulsion rates.”
13. ” Expedite the establishment and effective operation of the Child and Social Protection Information Management System and the Education Management Information System to improve the collection and management of data disaggregated by age, sex, disability, geographical location, ethnic and national origin and socioeconomic background;…”
14. “Continue to expand access to the internet and enhance connectivity, in particular for children and those in rural and remote areas.”